Sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE (EU ETS) El sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE (EU ETS) es una piedra angular de la política de la UE para combatir el cambio climático y su herramienta clave para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Es el primer mercado de carbono del mundo y sigue siendo el más grande. Opera en 31 países (los 28 países de la UE más Islandia, Liechtenstein y Noruega) limita las emisiones de más de 11.000 instalaciones que utilizan energía pesada (centrales eléctricas y plantas industriales) y las líneas aéreas que operan entre estos países cubre alrededor de 45 emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la UE. Un sistema de límites máximos y comerciales El sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE se basa en el principio de límite máximo y comercio. Se establece un límite máximo sobre la cantidad total de determinados gases de efecto invernadero que pueden ser emitidos por las instalaciones cubiertas por el sistema. El límite se reduce con el tiempo para que las emisiones totales disminuyan. Dentro del límite máximo, las empresas reciben o compran derechos de emisión que pueden intercambiar entre sí según sea necesario. También pueden comprar cantidades limitadas de créditos internacionales de proyectos de ahorro de emisiones en todo el mundo. El límite del número total de derechos disponibles garantiza que tengan un valor. Después de cada año, una empresa debe entregar suficientes asignaciones para cubrir todas sus emisiones, de lo contrario se imponen fuertes multas. Si una empresa reduce sus emisiones, puede mantener las dietas de repuesto para cubrir sus necesidades futuras o bien venderlas a otra compañía que no tenga asignaciones. El comercio aporta flexibilidad que asegura que las emisiones se reduzcan donde cuesta menos hacerlo. Un precio robusto del carbono también promueve la inversión en tecnologías limpias y bajas en carbono. Principales características de la fase 3 (2013-2020) El ETS de la UE está ahora en su tercera fase ndash significativamente diferente de las fases 1 y 2. Los principales cambios son los siguientes: Se aplica un límite único a nivel de la UE a las emisiones en lugar del sistema anterior de cláusulas nacionales La subasta es el método por defecto para asignar derechos de emisión (en lugar de asignación gratuita) De forma gratuita Otros sectores y gases incluyen 300 millones de permisos reservados en la Reserva de Nuevos Participantes para financiar el despliegue de tecnologías innovadoras de energía renovable y captura y almacenamiento de carbono a través del programa NER 300 Sectores y gases cubiertos El sistema cubre los siguientes sectores y gases con el Se centran en las emisiones que se pueden medir, reportar y verificar con un alto nivel de precisión: dióxido de carbono (CO 2) de la generación de energía y calor sectores de uso intensivo de energía incluyendo refinerías de petróleo, siderúrgicas y la producción de hierro, aluminio, metales, cemento , Cal, vidrio, cerámica, pulpa, papel, cartón, ácidos y productos químicos orgánicos voluminosos aviación comercial óxido nitroso (N 2 O) de la producción de perfluorocarbonos (PFC) nítrico, adípico, glioxal y glioxílico de la producción de aluminio Participación en el ETS de la UE Es obligatorio para las empresas de estos sectores. Pero en algunos sectores sólo se incluyen plantas de un tamaño determinado, se pueden excluir ciertas pequeñas instalaciones si los gobiernos aplican medidas fiscales u otras medidas que reduzcan sus emisiones por un importe equivalente en el sector de la aviación, hasta 2016 el ETS de la UE sólo se aplica a los vuelos Entre aeropuertos situados en el Espacio Económico Europeo (EEE). Cumplimiento de las reducciones de emisiones El RCDE de la UE ha demostrado que la fijación de un precio sobre el carbono y su comercio pueden funcionar. Las emisiones de las instalaciones del sistema están disminuyendo en torno a 5 en comparación con el comienzo de la fase 3 (2013) (véanse las cifras de 2015). En 2020. Las emisiones de los sectores cubiertos por el sistema serán 21 menos que en 2005. Desarrollo del mercado del carbono El ETS de la UE, creado en 2005, es el primer y más importante sistema internacional de comercio de derechos de emisión, que representa más de las tres cuartas partes del comercio internacional de carbono. El ETS de la UE también está inspirando el desarrollo del comercio de emisiones en otros países y regiones. La UE tiene la intención de vincular el ETS de la UE con otros sistemas compatibles. Participar en el ETS de la UE Introducción al Sistema de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión de la UE, incluyendo cómo funciona el Sistema de Cap-and-Trade, cómo se asignan los permisos gratuitos, En el sistema y el esquema de opt-out del Reino Unido para pequeños emisores y hospitales. Contenido Visión general El ETS de la UE es el sistema de comercio de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero multisectorial más grande del mundo. Incluye más de 11.000 centrales eléctricas y plantas industriales en toda la UE, con alrededor de 1.000 en el Reino Unido. Estas incluyen centrales eléctricas, refinerías de petróleo, plataformas costa afuera e industrias que producen hierro y acero, cemento y cal, papel, vidrio, cerámica y productos químicos. Otras organizaciones, incluidas universidades y hospitales, también pueden estar cubiertas por el ETS de la UE dependiendo de la capacidad de combustión de los equipos en sus sitios. Los operadores de aviación que vuelan en o desde un aeropuerto europeo también están cubiertos por el ETS de la UE. Esta guía explica el sistema de límites máximos y de comercio de la UE, incluyendo detalles de las fases de entrega del Sistema. Proporciona información sobre la solicitud del Reino Unido de licencias gratuitas de Fase III a través de sus Medidas Nacionales de Aplicación (NIM), así como detalles sobre el cumplimiento y la verificación. También hay secciones sobre regulación de emisiones para la industria de la aviación y el Esquema de Opt-out de Pequeños Emisores y Hospitales del Reino Unido. Cap y comercio El ETS de la UE funciona sobre una base de límite máximo y comercio, por lo que hay un tope o límite establecido en las emisiones totales de gases de efecto invernadero permitidas por todos los participantes cubiertos por el Sistema y este límite se convierte en derechos de emisión negociables. Los derechos de emisión negociables se asignan a los participantes en el mercado del ETS de la UE mediante una mezcla de asignación gratuita y subastas. Una asignación le da al titular el derecho a emitir una tonelada de CO2 (o su equivalente). Los participantes cubiertos por el ETS de la UE deben supervisar e informar sus emisiones cada año y entregar suficientes derechos de emisión para cubrir sus emisiones anuales. Los participantes que probablemente emitan más de su asignación pueden elegir entre tomar medidas para reducir sus emisiones o comprar subsidios adicionales, ya sea del mercado secundario, p. Empresas que tienen asignaciones que no necesitan o de las subastas de los Estados miembros. Hay más información disponible sobre el ETS de la UE. Página web de los mercados de carbono. No importa dónde (en términos de ubicación física) las reducciones de emisiones se hacen porque el ahorro de emisiones tiene el mismo efecto ambiental dondequiera que se hagan. La justificación detrás del comercio de emisiones es que permite que las reducciones de emisiones se lleven a cabo donde el costo de la reducción es más bajo, disminuyendo el costo total de enfrentar el cambio climático. Cómo funciona el comercio: un ejemplo hipotético simplificado Históricamente, la instalación A y la instalación B emiten 210 toneladas de CO2 al año. En el marco del proceso de asignación de la UE, se conceden 200 prestaciones cada una. Al final del primer año, se registraron emisiones de 180Mt para la instalación A al instalar una caldera eficiente de energía a principios de año, lo que redujo sus emisiones de CO2. Ahora es libre de vender sus excedentes de derechos de emisión en el mercado del carbono. Sin embargo, la instalación B emitió 220Mt de CO2 porque necesitaba aumentar su capacidad de producción y era demasiado caro invertir en tecnología de eficiencia energética. Por lo tanto, la instalación B compró permisos del mercado, que se habían puesto a disposición porque la instalación A ha podido vender sus derechos adicionales. El efecto neto es que la inversión en reducción de carbono se produce en el lugar más barato y las emisiones de CO2 se limitan a las 400 licencias emitidas a ambas instalaciones. Fases de entrega del Sistema de Comercio de Emisiones Hasta la fecha, se han entregado o acordado tres fases operativas del ETS de la UE, aunque se prevé que el régimen continuará después de 2020: Fase I (1 de enero de 2005 a 31 de diciembre de 2007) Esta fase está completa. Más detalles sobre esta fase se pueden ver en la versión de los Archivos Nacionales de la página web de la DECC: EU ETS Phase I. Fase II (1 de enero de 2008 a 31 de diciembre de 2012) La Fase II del RCCDE coincidió con el primer Período de Compromiso de Kioto. La Fase II se basó en las lecciones de la primera fase y se amplió para cubrir las emisiones de CO2 de vidrio, lana mineral, yeso, quema de la producción de petróleo y gas en alta mar, productos petroquímicos, negro de carbono y siderúrgicas integradas. En la fase II, cada Estado miembro elaboró un plan nacional de asignación (NAP), en el que se establecía la cantidad total de derechos de emisión que el Estado miembro tenía intención de emitir durante esa fase y cómo se proponía distribuirlas a cada uno de sus operadores cubiertos por el Sistema. Cada PNA tenía que ser aprobado por la Comisión Europea. El PPA aprobado de la fase II del Reino Unido se publicó el 16 de marzo de 2007. Más detalles sobre esta fase se pueden ver en la versión de los Archivos Nacionales de la versión de la página web del DECC: EU ETS Phase 2. Fase III (1 de enero de 2013 a 31 de diciembre de 2020) La fase actual del ETS de la UE se basa en las dos fases anteriores y se revisa significativamente para contribuir más a la lucha contra el cambio climático, entre otras cosas: Y un aumento en la subasta de esas asignaciones, así como el esquema del Reino Unido para reducir los costos de cumplimiento para los pequeños emisores y hospitales. El límite de la UE reducirá el número de licencias disponibles en 1,74 cada año, con una reducción global de 21 por debajo de las emisiones verificadas de 2005 para 2020. La trayectoria se calculará a partir de un punto de salida del punto medio de la Fase II y describirá una disminución Desde 2013 en adelante. Asignación gratuita de derechos de emisión Todos los sectores cubiertos por el RCDE de la UE. Con excepción de la mayor parte del sector energético de la UE, reciben una asignación gratuita de derechos de emisión para ayudar a su transición hacia una economía con bajas emisiones de carbono. Además, los sectores industriales con un riesgo significativo de competencia de países que carecen de costes de carbono similares (véase la sección sobre la fuga de carbono en el RCDE de la UE para obtener más información) pueden recibir una mayor proporción de derechos de emisión gratuitos. En 2011, los Estados miembros debían presentar a la Comisión Europea una lista del número preliminar de derechos de emisión gratuitos que se expedirían a cada instalación industrial en la fase III, denominados medidas nacionales de aplicación o NIM. El Reino Unido presentó sus NIM a la Comisión Europea el 12 de diciembre de 2011 y posteriormente presentó NIM modificados en abril de 2012. El 5 de septiembre de 2013 la Comisión Europea anunció la finalización del proceso para verificar y confirmar la asignación gratuita de derechos de emisión de la UE en cada Estado miembro NIMs. También anunció que era necesario un factor de corrección intersectorial para garantizar que la asignación gratuita en toda la UE se mantuviera dentro del límite establecido en la Directiva sobre el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión. El factor redujo la asignación preliminar para cada instalación de ETS de la UE en 5.73 en 2013, aumentando a 17.56 en 2020. La reducción media de la asignación es por lo tanto 11.58 durante el período 2013-2020. La primera lista a continuación muestra las cifras de asignación gratuita en la Fase III para cada instalación industrial en el Reino Unido, aprobada por la Comisión Europea el 18 de diciembre de 2013. La segunda lista muestra las cifras de asignación gratuita actualizada para la Fase III, Acordado en los NIM del Reino Unido para instalaciones individuales a 30 de abril de 2014, por ejemplo debido a paralizaciones parciales, reducciones de capacidad significativas o cuando las instalaciones han entrado al ETS de la UE (nuevos entrantes). Esta lista se actualizará anualmente para tener en cuenta los nuevos cambios de asignación a lo largo de la fase. Hoja de cálculo de MS Excel. 73.2KB Este archivo puede no ser adecuado para usuarios de tecnología de asistencia. Solicite un formato accesible. Si utiliza tecnología de asistencia (por ejemplo, un lector de pantalla) y necesita una versión de este documento en un formato más accesible, envíe un correo electrónico a correspondencedecc. gsi. gov. uk. Por favor, díganos qué formato necesita. Nos ayudará si usted dice qué tecnología de ayuda utiliza. PDF. 635KB. 14 páginas Este archivo puede no ser adecuado para usuarios de tecnología de asistencia. Solicite un formato accesible. Si utiliza tecnología de asistencia (por ejemplo, un lector de pantalla) y necesita una versión de este documento en un formato más accesible, envíe un correo electrónico a correspondencedecc. gsi. gov. uk. Por favor, díganos qué formato necesita. Nos ayudará si usted dice qué tecnología de ayuda utiliza. PDF. 727KB. 31 páginas Este archivo puede no ser adecuado para usuarios de tecnología de asistencia. Solicite un formato accesible. Si utiliza tecnología de asistencia (por ejemplo, un lector de pantalla) y necesita una versión de este documento en un formato más accesible, envíe un correo electrónico a correspondencedecc. gsi. gov. uk. Por favor, díganos qué formato necesita. Nos ayudará si usted dice qué tecnología de ayuda utiliza. PDF. 397KB. 32 páginas Este archivo puede no ser adecuado para usuarios de tecnología de asistencia. Solicite un formato accesible. Si utiliza tecnología de asistencia (por ejemplo, un lector de pantalla) y necesita una versión de este documento en un formato más accesible, envíe un correo electrónico a correspondencedecc. gsi. gov. uk. Por favor, díganos qué formato necesita. Nos ayudará si usted dice qué tecnología de ayuda utiliza. La fuga de carbono y el EU ETS La fuga de carbono es un término utilizado para describir la perspectiva de un aumento de las emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero cuando una empresa cambia su producción o su inversión fuera de la UE porque no pueden Para repercutir los aumentos de costes inducidos por el ETS de la UE a sus clientes sin pérdida significativa de cuota de mercado. La mejor manera de abordar las fugas de carbono sería un acuerdo climático internacional jurídicamente vinculante. Esto crearía condiciones equitativas para la industria dentro y fuera de la UE con respecto a la contabilización de los costes del carbono. Mientras tanto, el EU ETS ofrece dos mecanismos para mitigar el riesgo de fuga de carbono. En primer lugar, los sectores que se consideran en riesgo significativo de fuga de carbono son elegibles para recibir 100 asignaciones gratuitas de derechos de emisión hasta el punto de referencia de los sectores. Esta es una fuente importante de alivio, ya que los sectores no considerados en riesgo recibirán 80 de su asignación gratuita en 2013, disminuyendo anualmente a 30 en 2020 con miras a alcanzar 0 (es decir, la subasta completa) en 2027. Estados miembros para compensar a los sectores en riesgo significativo de fuga de carbono como consecuencia de los costes indirectos del ETS de la UE (es decir, a través de los aumentos de los precios de la electricidad relacionados con el ETS), siempre que los planes se diseñen dentro del marco establecido por la Comisión Europea Esquema de compensación de fugas para más información). El gobierno del Reino Unido apoya firmemente el principio de asignación gratuita en ausencia de un acuerdo climático internacional. Creemos que la asignación gratuita proporcionada de derechos de emisión brinda alivio a los sectores en riesgo significativo de fuga de carbono, sin levantar obstáculos al comercio internacional. Nos preocupa, sin embargo, que los más expuestos a riesgos no reciban una compensación suficiente en el futuro si no se reforman las actuales normas del RCCDE para la fase IV del RCCDE. El Gobierno del Reino Unido reconoce las preocupaciones de la industria en torno a la competitividad y las fugas de carbono y se compromete a garantizar que los sectores verdaderamente en riesgo significativo de fuga de carbono estén protegidos de este riesgo. En junio de 2014, publicamos un proyecto de investigación encargado por el Departamento de Energía y Cambio Climático y realizado por Vivid Economics y Ecofys. Que investiga la ocurrencia de fuga de carbono hasta el momento y los factores fundamentales de la fuga de carbono para una selección de sectores industriales y evalúa las medidas en vigor para su mitigación. El informe modela el riesgo de fuga de carbono para 24 sectores industriales, y se produjo en consulta con las partes interesadas de la industria. El análisis de modelos muestra que, a falta de medidas de mitigación de políticas (como la asignación gratuita de derechos de emisión), de no tener en cuenta el potencial de reducción de carbono y de no aumentar la regulación del carbono fuera de la Unión Europea, Dados estos supuestos, el análisis de modelado muestra mayores tasas de fuga de carbono de lo que se esperaría que ocurriera en la realidad. Las opiniones expresadas en el informe son las de sus autores y no representan una posición oficial del gobierno del Reino Unido. El informe final, los estudios de casos y la revisión por homólogos están disponibles: Perspectivas de fuga de carbono en la Fase III del RCCDE y más allá Evaluación del estatus de fuga de carbono para la asignación gratuita de derechos de emisión Los sectores en riesgo de fuga de carbono se evalúan según un conjunto de criterios y Establecidos en la Directiva EU ETS. La lista de sectores considerados con riesgo de fugas para el período 2013-2014 se acordó mediante el procedimiento de comitología de la UE en diciembre de 2009. con las adiciones a la lista hecha en posteriores Decisiones de la Comisión Europea. La Directiva sobre el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE permite un examen de los sectores en riesgo cada cinco años, con la posibilidad de añadir sectores a la lista sobre una base anual y ad hoc. El 5 de mayo de 2014, la Comisión Europea publicó su proyecto de lista de sectores para el período 2015-1919. Basándose en los criterios cuantitativos y cualitativos establecidos en la Directiva ETS. El proyecto de lista de fugas de carbono se presentará próximamente a la Comisión de Cambio Climático de la UE, tras lo cual deberá ser enviado al Parlamento Europeo y al Consejo durante tres meses antes de su adopción. El 31 de agosto de 2013, el Reino Unido respondió a la consulta de la Comisión Europea sobre la metodología para la determinación de la lista de fugas de carbono para 2015-19. Respuesta del Reino Unido a la consulta de las Comisiones Europeas sobre los supuestos que se utilizarán para la lista de fugas de carbono del ETS de la UE de 2015 a 2015 (PDF - 163 KB, 12 páginas) Esquema indirecto de compensación de fugas de carbono En la Declaración de otoño de 2011, Medidas para reducir el impacto de la política sobre los costos de la electricidad para la mayoría de las industrias de uso intensivo de electricidad, a partir de 2013 y un valor de alrededor de 250 millones durante el período de revisión de gastos. Como parte de esto, el gobierno se ha comprometido a compensar a las empresas más intensivas en electricidad para ayudar a compensar el costo indirecto del piso de precios de carbono y el ETS de la UE. Con arreglo a las directrices sobre ayudas estatales. En el Presupuesto de 2014, el Canciller anunció que la compensación por los costos indirectos del piso de precios de carbono y el ETS de la UE se extendería a 2019-2020. La Comisión Europea adoptó en junio de 2012 directrices revisadas sobre las ayudas estatales para la compensación de los costes indirectos del RCCDE. En estas directrices se enumeran los sectores considerados expuestos a un riesgo significativo de fuga de carbono debido a los costes indirectos de las emisiones, Los niveles de compensación que pueden ponerse a su disposición. Todo sistema de compensación de los Estados miembros debe diseñarse dentro del marco establecido por la Comisión Europea. En octubre de 2012, la DECC y el BPI iniciaron la consulta sobre el sistema de compensación de las industrias que consumen mucha energía. Que estableció nuestras propuestas para la elegibilidad y el diseño del paquete de compensación. La consulta, que finalizó en diciembre de 2012, ofreció a todos los interesados en el paquete una oportunidad para comentar las propuestas, ayudándonos a garantizar que la compensación se dirige a aquellas empresas que corren el mayor riesgo de fugas de carbono como consecuencia de la energía y el clima Cambiar políticas. Tras un examen detallado de las respuestas y la autorización de las ayudas estatales para el paquete de compensación del ETS de la UE, en mayo de 2013 publicamos la respuesta de los gobiernos a la consulta y el diseño final del esquema de compensación del ETS. El Reino Unido empezó a efectuar pagos en relación con los costes indirectos del ETS de la UE en 2013. Para la compensación del precio del carbono, que sigue estando sujeta a la aprobación de la Comisión Europea, esperamos publicar una guía más adelante en el verano y comenzar los pagos poco después. Reserva de Nuevos Participantes La Reserva de Nuevos Participantes (NER) es una reserva de derechos de emisión de la UE, reservada para nuevos operadores o operadores existentes que hayan aumentado significativamente su capacidad. Los reguladores de ETS de la UE del Reino Unido son responsables de administrar y evaluar todas las solicitudes de NER. Los operadores que inicien una actividad de un nuevo participante deben presentar una solicitud de NER a su regulador dentro de los 12 meses de iniciarse el funcionamiento normal de la actividad nueva o extendida. Más información sobre la aplicación de la Fase III NER está disponible en la página web de la Agencia de Medio Ambiente: EU ETS New Exant Reserva (NER). Puede encontrarse más información sobre los derechos de emisión en el ETS de la UE. Página de asignaciones. Cumplimiento del RCCDE El Reglamento de 2012 del Sistema de Comercio de Emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero obliga a todos los operadores que realizan una actividad cubierta por el RCCDE a poseer un permiso de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero - en realidad una licencia para operar y emitir gases de efecto invernadero cubiertos por el RCCDE . Las actividades cubiertas por el RCDE de la UE son cualquiera de las actividades enumeradas en el anexo I de la Directiva sobre el RCDE de la UE. Los reguladores del RCDE de la UE son responsables de hacer cumplir el Reglamento ETS de la UE, incluyendo funciones operativas tales como otorgar y mantener permisos y planes de emisiones (para aviación), monitoreo e informes (incluyendo planes de monitoreo) Informes), evaluando las solicitudes al NER. Determinando reducciones en las asignaciones como resultado de cambios en la capacidad o cese de actividades, intercambio de información con UKAS sobre actividades de verificación. A efectos del cálculo de las sanciones civiles, el DECC determina el valor del precio del carbono ETS de la UE utilizado por el regulador. La determinación se publica en noviembre de cada año: el 7 de agosto de 2013, iniciamos una consulta sobre una serie de enmiendas técnicas al Reglamento sobre el régimen de comercio de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de 2012 para simplificar y armonizar las sanciones del ETS en la fase III, Claridad y reducir la carga para las empresas. Supervisión, elaboración de informes, verificación y acreditación Un operador del RCDE de la UE debe proponer un plan de seguimiento cuando solicite un permiso de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (o un plan de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero). Operadores de aviación). El plan de seguimiento proporciona información sobre cómo se medirán e informarán las emisiones de los operadores del RCCDE. Debe elaborarse un plan de seguimiento de conformidad con el Reglamento de vigilancia y presentación de informes de las Comisiones Europeas y ser aprobado por un regulador del RCDE de la UE. El año de referencia abarca del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de cada año. El ETS de la UE exige que todos los informes anuales de emisiones y supervisión sean verificados por un verificador independiente de conformidad con el Reglamento de Acreditación y Verificación. Un verificador comprobará si hay inconsistencias en el monitoreo con el plan aprobado y si los datos del informe de emisiones son completos y confiables. Las Directrices de la Comisión Europea sobre el Reglamento de Acreditación y Verificación tienen como objetivo ayudar a los operadores de todas las instalaciones estacionarias, los operadores de la aviación, los organismos de verificación y los reguladores a realizar verificaciones de manera coherente en toda la UE. Proporciona información y asesoramiento práctico sobre el proceso y los requisitos para la verificación anual requerida por la Directiva del RCDE de la UE, la Comisión Europea de vigilancia y notificación y los permisos de gases de efecto invernadero / planes de vigilancia / planes de toneladas-kilómetro. Encontrar un verificador acreditado del ETS de la UE en el Reino Unido El Reglamento de Acreditación y Verificación (Reglamento 600/2012 / UE de la Comisión) exige que los verificadores del ETS de la UE cumplan requisitos específicos. En el Reino Unido, estos requisitos se demuestran mediante la acreditación. El Servicio de Acreditación del Reino Unido (UKAS) es responsable de la acreditación y supervisión de los verificadores en el Reino Unido y de mantener una lista de dichos verificadores. La lista de verificadores acreditados UKAS para la fase III, incluida la aviación, del sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE indica el alcance de una acreditación específica de verificadores, por ejemplo, en relación con determinados sectores. La lista UKAS no incluye verificadores acreditados por otros organismos nacionales de acreditación y en virtud de las normas de la Fase III no existe un procedimiento de registro o aceptación para verificadores que no sean del Reino Unido. Todos los verificadores deben demostrar que están acreditados (o certificados) de acuerdo con el Reglamento de Acreditación y Verificación. Los operadores tienen la responsabilidad de asegurarse de que su verificador está acreditado para el ámbito de trabajo pertinente. Los detalles de los verificadores alcance de la acreditación se puede encontrar en el certificado de acreditación verificadores. Si usted es un organismo de verificación de la UE ETS que trabaja en el Reino Unido por primera vez, necesitará una cuenta ETSWAP para ver los informes de sus clientes y para enviar su declaración de verificación, así como una cuenta de registro. Para abrir una cuenta ETSWAP del verificador, envíe un correo electrónico a EThelpenvironment-agency. gov. uk. Es recomendable hacer esto cuando usted tiene un cliente en el Reino Unido. Incluya la siguiente información en su correo electrónico: Nombre de la organización de verificación País Número de identificación de acreditación Una copia de su certificado de acreditación Nombre completo y dirección de correo electrónico del punto principal de contacto (este usuario tendrá la responsabilidad de administrar a otros usuarios para este verificador) El administrador de ETSWAP ha aprobado su solicitud de acceso, ETSWAP le enviará un correo electrónico con los detalles de inicio de sesión para su cuenta de usuario individual. Para solicitar una cuenta de registro de verificador, envíe un correo electrónico a etregistryhelpenvironment-agency. gov. uk para obtener un paquete de aplicaciones. Orientación adicional Utilización de los datos de inventario de gases de efecto invernadero del Reino Unido en la vigilancia y la presentación de informes del ETS de la UE: lista de factores específicos de cada país El Reglamento de supervisión y elaboración de informes de la Comisión Europea permite utilizar los datos notificados a nivel nacional como factores predeterminados en circunstancias específicas. Factores de emisión de carbono y valores caloríficos del inventario de gases de efecto invernadero del Reino Unido (AEA-Ricardo, 2015) están disponibles para el informe de emisiones anuales para el ETS de la UE: MS Excel Spreadsheet. 76.6KB Este archivo puede no ser adecuado para usuarios de tecnología de asistencia. Solicite un formato accesible. Si utiliza tecnología de asistencia (por ejemplo, un lector de pantalla) y necesita una versión de este documento en un formato más accesible, envíe un correo electrónico a correspondencedecc. gsi. gov. uk. Por favor, díganos qué formato necesita. Nos ayudará si usted dice qué tecnología de ayuda utiliza. Los factores nacionales son los factores de emisión Tier 2 y Tier 2a y los valores caloríficos netos para combustibles específicos utilizados por industrias particulares. Los datos se han extraído en gran medida del inventario de gases de efecto invernadero del Reino Unido que se presenta anualmente a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC). El inventario de gases de efecto invernadero se desarrolla independientemente del sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE. Se entenderá por datos los datos contemplados en el artículo 31, apartado 1, del Reglamento de seguimiento y presentación de informes. Los factores de estos cuadros sólo deben utilizarse de conformidad con los requisitos de un plan de vigilancia aprobado por las instalaciones, que forma parte del permiso de gases de efecto invernadero. Los cuadros de los años anteriores están disponibles de la siguiente manera: Incumplimiento del RCCDE La Directiva sobre el RCCDE obliga a los Estados miembros a establecer un sistema de sanciones efectivo, proporcional y disuasorio, pero la naturaleza de las sanciones se deja en gran medida a discreción de los Estados miembros. Con excepción de la sanción por falta de entrega de prestaciones suficientes en determinadas circunstancias). El Reglamento del Sistema de Comercio de Emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero 2012 establece las sanciones civiles a las que una persona es responsable si no cumplen con el RCDE de la UE. DECC ha producido la siguiente guía para la industria offshore de petróleo y gas detallando el enfoque de los Departamentos a la aplicación y las sanciones. El Reglamento prevé el derecho de recurso contra las decisiones de un regulador del RCDE de la UE. En Inglaterra y Gales, los llamamientos de los operadores de instalaciones estacionarias y los operadores de aeronaves, así como las instalaciones en alta mar, son oídos por el Tribunal de Primera Instancia. Las apelaciones en Irlanda del Norte son escuchadas y determinadas por la Comisión de Apelaciones de Planificación (PAC). En Escocia, la Dirección de Planificación y Apelaciones Ambientales (DPEA) del Gobierno escocés escucha y determina los llamamientos en nombre de los Ministros escoceses. Se aplican disposiciones diferentes a las apelaciones presentadas por los operadores de la aviación contra un aviso de multa notificado en virtud del Reglamento sobre el régimen de comercio de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la aviación de 2010 para el año del plan de 2012. Las normas pertinentes del Reglamento de 2010 siguen aplicándose en relación con cualquier recurso interpuesto contra cualquier decisión o notificación notificada en virtud del Reglamento de 2010. Estos establecen que el órgano de apelación es el Secretario de Estado o una persona independiente designada por el Secretario de Estado. Determinación de la apelación Año 2012 del plan: Se han realizado seis determinaciones de apelación en virtud del presente Reglamento: Aviación en el RCDE de la UE El sistema de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE exige que los explotadores de aeronaves supervisen y comuniquen las emisiones de CO2. El sistema está diseñado para ser un medio rentable de abordar las emisiones de CO2 de la aviación, lo que permite a la industria de la aviación a crecer de forma sostenible, mientras que la reducción de emisiones. El régimen se aplica a todos los vuelos entre aeropuertos del Espacio Económico Europeo. Los detalles de la legislación comunitaria y las preguntas frecuentes detalladas de la UE se pueden encontrar en la página web de la Comisión Europea: Reducir las emisiones de la aviación. Estamos consultando sobre la implementación del ETS de Aviación revisado en el Reino Unido. En la consulta se solicitan observaciones sobre las enmiendas propuestas a los Reglamentos del Reino Unido y la evaluación de impacto de la fase de consulta. Puede consultar la consulta y los documentos que la acompañan en la página web de consulta sobre la aviación del Sistema de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión de la UE. Los cambios clave son: Un ámbito del Espacio Económico Europeo (EEE) para el ETS de Aviación del 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2016 Aplazamiento de los plazos de cumplimiento para las emisiones de 2013 hasta marzo y abril de 2015 Una exención para los operadores no comerciales que emitan menos de 1.000 toneladas de CO2 por año hasta 2020 Procedimientos simplificados para los operadores que emiten menos de 25.000 toneladas de CO2 al año El número de franquicias gratuitas concedidas y las licitaciones subastadas se reducen proporcionalmente a la reducción del alcance. Damos la bienvenida a las opiniones de cualquier organización o individuo y la consulta será de particular interés para los explotadores de aeronaves, operadores de aeródromos, verificadores, otros participantes en el ETS de la UE y grupos ambientalistas. Regulación de las emisiones de los operadores de aeronaves Cada operador de aeronaves es administrado por un solo Estado miembro. La Comisión Europea elabora una lista anual de los operadores administrados por cada Estado miembro. Existen tres reguladores en el Reino Unido que regulan las actividades de ETS de aviación, dependiendo de la ubicación de una oficina registrada de los operadores o de su mayor proporción de emisiones: la Agencia Ambiental (para operadores en Inglaterra). Puede encontrar más información sobre lo que los operadores deben hacer para cumplir con el esquema del ETS de la UE. Operadores y actividades afectadas página web. Subasta Distribución gratuita para los explotadores de aeronaves La Comisión Europea promulgó en abril de 2014 una legislación que modifica el ámbito de aplicación del EUETS en relación con las emisiones de la aviación internacional (Reglamento (UE) nº 421/2014 por el que se modifica la Directiva 2003/87 / CE). Como resultado del cambio de alcance del ETS de la UE de la aviación. El Reino Unido está obligado a volver a calcular la asignación de derechos de emisión gratuitos a los operadores de aeronaves elegibles. Este recálculo se ha realizado de conformidad con las orientaciones de la Comisión. En la tabla se incluyen todos los operadores a los que se les adeudaban anticipos previamente e indica su nueva asignación de asignación gratuita bajo el ámbito reducido. Los operadores que cesaron sus operaciones han sido removidos de esta lista. Los operadores que ahora están exentos bajo el nuevo mínimo de no-comercial (menos de 1,000tCO2 por año calculado sobre la base del alcance completo) siguen apareciendo en este cuadro. Sin embargo, debido a su estado de exención, estos operadores no están sujetos a derechos de emisión gratuitos y, como tal, su Cuenta de Operador de Aeronave (AOHA) será marcada como excluida en el registro, lo que significa que no se pueden realizar transacciones y no se depositarán licencias gratuitas. Si cree que ya no le corresponde ninguna asignación como resultado de los cambios o desea solicitar más aclaraciones sobre su nueva asignación gratuita de asignaciones, póngase en contacto con el servicio de asistencia de la aviación de la Agencia de Medio Ambiente ETAviationHelpenvironment-agency. gov. uk. Información histórica Visite la página de la legislación del ETS de la DECC para ver la legislación del Reino Unido y los reglamentos de la UE. Por favor visite la versión de los Archivos Nacionales de la Aviación en las páginas web del Sistema de Comercio de Emisiones de la UE para ver información relacionada con los llamamientos de aviación / aviación previamente disponibles en el sitio web del DECC. Esquema de Opt-out de Pequeño Emisor y Hospital El Esquema de Opt-out de Pequeño Emisor y Hospital del Reino Unido permite excluir las instalaciones elegibles de la Fase 3 (2013-2020) del ETS de la UE. El sistema ha sido aprobado por la Comisión Europea. El artículo 27 de la Directiva sobre el RCDE de la UE permite excluir a los pequeños emisores y hospitales del RCCDE. Con el objetivo principal de reducir las cargas administrativas en estas instalaciones. Esto reconoce que los costes administrativos a los que se enfrentan los pequeños emisores en el marco del ETS de la UE son desproporcionadamente elevados por tonelada de CO2, en comparación con los costes de las grandes instalaciones emisoras. La Directiva exige que las instalaciones excluidas estén sujetas a un régimen nacional que ofrezca una contribución equivalente a las reducciones de emisiones como el RCCDE. El sistema de opt-out del Reino Unido fue concebido en consulta con la industria y tiene por objeto ofrecer una alternativa simple y desreguladora al RCCDE, manteniendo al mismo tiempo los incentivos para la reducción de las emisiones. Estimamos que el esquema ofrecerá ahorros de hasta 39 millones a la industria durante la Fase III. El sistema de opt-out ofrece ahorros desregulatorios mediante: la sustitución de un requisito de entrega de derechos de emisión con un objetivo de reducción de emisiones; requisitos simplificados de supervisión, notificación y verificación (MRV), incluida la eliminación del requisito de verificación por terceros; Cuenta de registro regímenes menos onerosos para el ajuste de objetivos después de un aumento en la capacidad de instalación En los documentos que figuran a continuación se incluyen más detalles sobre el régimen. Tenga en cuenta que estos documentos se actualizarán más tarde en 2015. Las consultas a las que se hace referencia en el documento de preguntas frecuentes están cerradas. The UKs Small Emitter and Hospital Opt-out Scheme (document updated on 25 March 2013 following agreement of the EU Registries Regulation 2012) Participants in the opt-out scheme Operators of installations that are excluded from the EU ETS and participating in the Opt-out Scheme should refer to the document European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS ) Phase III: Guidance for installations How to comply with the EU ETS and Small Emitter and Hospital Opt-out Scheme . The application period for the opt-out scheme ran from 23 May to 18 July 2012. Operators of 247 installations were approved to participate in the opt-out scheme by the European Commission as excluded from the EU ETS . The EU ETS Directive does not provide for further installations to join the opt-out scheme. Previous information on the development of the scheme including, the application period, policy development and the small emitters workshop held on the 12 June 2012, can be viewed on the National Archives website. Our vision is a single global carbon price produced by markets of high environmental integrity . We pursue this vision with an eye to pragmatism, political reality and sound economics. With deep relationships in key policy centres and commercial arenas, IETA is the collective voice for the full range of businesses involved in carbon pricing - all around the world. Through expert engagement . we enable our members to capture opportunities, mitigate risks and manage uncertainties of global carbon policy. Our global platform offers advocacy services, market tools, information and fora - helping members excel in carbon pricing systems around the world. IETA IN ACTION Learn more about what IETA can do for youEUR-Lex Access to European Union law Under the Kyoto Protocol, the EU committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between the years 2008 and 2012 by 8 compared to the level in 1990. During a second commitment period between 2013 and 2020, it has undertaken to reduce its GHG emissions by 20 by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. To meet its commitments, the EU has established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the EU. Each allowance represents the permission to emit 1 tonne of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or carbon dioxide equivalent over a specified period. The Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a cornerstone of EU policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. The EU ETS was first introduced in 2005. It has evolved over time with series of amendments to the original legislation, Directive 2003/87/EC. The current third phase of the EU ETS began in 2013 and will last until 2020. The EU ETS covers power plants and manufacturing installations, as well as emissions from airlines flying between European airports. Since 1 January 2005, operators installations carrying out the activities covered by the Directive must have an appropriate greenhouse gas emissions permit. The EU ETS system covers emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from power plants, a wide range of energy-intensive industry sectors and commercial airlines. Nitrous oxide emissions from the production of certain acids and emissions of perfluorocarbons from aluminium production are also included. National competent authorities issue the permits to emit greenhouse gases if they are satisfied that the operator is able to monitor and report its emissions. Within the single EU-wide cap on allowances (which decreases by 1.74 annually), operators receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed. They can also exchange limited amounts of international credits from emission-saving projects around the world for allowances. Operators must monitor and report their emissions to the competent authorities. The reports are checked by independent verifiers. After each year, operators must surrender enough allowances to cover all their emissions, otherwise fines are imposed As of 2013, auctioning of the allowances is the default rule of allocation. The proportion of allowances received for free by manufacturing installations will decrease to 30 in 2020. In principle, there is no free allocation for electricity production. At least 50 of the revenues from auctioning allowances should be used by EU countries for climate-related purposes (e. g. reducing the carbon intensity of industry). Each year, EU countries report to the European Commission on how the Directive is applied. A proposal for the revision of the EU ETS for Phase 4 (2021-2030) in line with the 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework was adopted in July 2015. The proposal aims to achieve a reduction of EU ETS emissions of 43 compared to 2005. FROM WHEN DOES THIS ACT APPLY Directive 2003/87/EC entered into force on 25 October 2003 and had to be transposed into EU countriesrsquo national law by 31 December 2003. EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). the first mdash and still by far the largest - international system for trading greenhouse gas emission allowances, it covers more than 11,000 power stations and manufacturing plants in the 28 EU countries, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein, as well as aviation activities. lsquoCap and tradersquo principle. the EU ETS works on the basis of this principle. A lsquocaprsquo, or limit, is set on the total amount of certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by the factories, power plants and other installations in the system. The cap is reduced over time so that total emissions fall. The system allows trading of emission allowances so that the total emissions of the installations and aircraft operators stays within the cap and the least-cost measures can be taken up to reduce emissions. Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, pp. 32-46). Successive amendments to Directive 2003/87/EC have been incorporated in the original text. This consolidated version is of documentary value only. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1031/2010 of 12 November 2010 on the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowances trading within the Community (OJ L 302, 18.11.2010, pp. 1-41). See consolidated version . Commission Decision 2011/278/EU of 27 April 2011 determining transitional Union-wide rules for harmonised free allocation of emission allowances pursuant to Article 10a of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2011) 2772) (OJ L 130, 17.5.2011, pp. 1-45). See consolidated version . Commission Regulation (EU) No 600/2012 of 21 June 2012 on the verification of greenhouse gas emission reports and tonne-kilometre reports and the accreditation of verifiers pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 181, 12.7.2012, pp. 1-29) Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012 of 21 June 2012 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 181, 12.7.2012, pp. 30-104). See consolidated version . Commission Regulation (EU) No 389/2013 of 2 May 2013 establishing a Union Registry pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Decisions No 280/2004/EC and No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulations (EU) No 920/2010 and No 1193/2011 (OJ L 122, 3.5.2013, pp. 1-59). See consolidated version . Commission Regulation (EU) No 1123/2013 of 8 November 2013 on determining international credit entitlements pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 299, 9.11.2013, pp. 32-33) Commission Decision 2013/448/EU of 5 September 2013 concerning national implementation measures for the transitional free allocation of greenhouse gas emission allowances in accordance with Article 11(3) of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 240, 7.9.2013, pp. 27-35) Commission Decision 2014/746/EU of 27 October 2014 determining, pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, a list of sectors and subsectors which are deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage, for the period 2015 to 2019 (OJ L 308, 29.10.2014, pp. 114-124) Decision (EU) 2015/1814 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 October 2015 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and amending Directive 2003/87/EC (OJ L 264, 9.10.2015, pp. 1-5) last update 07.07.2016EUR-Lex Access to European Union law Title and reference Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community (Text with EEA relevance) OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 6387 (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV) Special edition in Croatian: Chapter 15 Volume 030 P. 3 - 27 ELI: data. europa. eu/eli/dir/2009/29/oj Languages, formats and link to OJ DIRECTIVE 2009/29/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ( 1 ) , Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions ( 2 ) , Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty ( 3 ) , Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 4 ) establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (Community scheme) in order to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective and economically efficient manner. The ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was approved on behalf of the European Community by Council Decision 94/69/EC ( 5 ). is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In order to meet that objective, the overall global annual mean surface temperature increase should not exceed 2 degC above pre-industrial levels. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report shows that in order to reach that objective, global emissions of greenhouse gases must peak by 2020. This implies the increasing of efforts by the Community, the quick involvement of developed countries and encouraging the participation of developing countries in the emission reduction process. The European Council of March 2007 made a firm commitment to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions of the Community by at least 20 below 1990 levels by 2020, and by 30 provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and economically more advanced developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. By 2050, global greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by at least 50 below their 1990 levels. All sectors of the economy should contribute to achieving these emission reductions, including international maritime shipping and aviation. Aviation is contributing to these reductions through its inclusion in the Community scheme. In the event that no international agreement which includes international maritime emissions in its reduction targets through the International Maritime Organisation has been approved by the Member States or no such agreement through the UNFCCC has been approved by the Community by 31 December 2011, the Commission should make a proposal to include international maritime emissions according to harmonised modalities in the Community reduction commitment, with the aim of the proposed act entering into force by 2013. Such a proposal should minimise any negative impact on the Communityrsquos competitiveness while taking into account the potential environmental benefits. In its resolution of 31 January 2008 on the outcome of the Bali Conference on Climate Change (COP 13 and COP/MOP 3) ( 6 ). the European Parliament recalled its position that industrialised countries should commit to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by at least 30 by 2020 and by 60 to 80 by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. Given that it anticipates a positive outcome to the COP 15 negotiations that will be held in Copenhagen in 2009, the European Union should begin to prepare tougher emission reduction targets for 2020 and beyond, and should seek to ensure that, after 2013, the Community scheme allows, if necessary, for more stringent emission caps, as part of the Unionrsquos contribution to a future international agreement on climate change (hereinafter referred to as the international agreement on climate change). In order to contribute to achieving those long-term objectives, it is appropriate to set out a predictable path according to which the emissions of installations covered by the Community scheme should be reduced. To achieve cost-effectively the commitment of the Community to at least a 20 reduction in greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels, emission allowances allocated in respect of those installations should be 21 below their 2005 emission levels by 2020. In order to enhance the certainty and predictability of the Community scheme, provisions should be specified to increase the level of contribution of the Community scheme to achieving an overall reduction of more than 20 , in particular in view of the European Councilrsquos objective of a 30 reduction by 2020 which is considered scientifically necessary to avoid dangerous climate change. Once the Community and third countries conclude an international agreement on climate change in accordance with which appropriate global action will be taken beyond 2012, considerable support should be given to credit emission reductions made in those countries. In advance of such an agreement, greater certainty should none the less be provided regarding the continued use of credits from outside the Community. While experience gathered during the first trading period shows the potential of the Community scheme and the finalisation of national allocation plans for the second trading period will deliver significant emission reductions by 2012, a review undertaken in 2007 has confirmed that a more harmonised emission trading system is imperative in order to better exploit the benefits of emission trading, to avoid distortions in the internal market and to facilitate the linking of emissions trading systems. Furthermore, more predictability should be ensured and the scope of the system should be extended by including new sectors and gases with a view to both reinforcing a carbon price signal necessary to trigger the necessary investments and by offering new abatement opportunities, which will lead to lower overall abatement costs and the increased efficiency of the system. The definition of greenhouse gases should be aligned with the definition contained in the UNFCCC, and greater clarity should be given on the setting and updating of global warming potentials for individual greenhouse gases. The Community scheme should be extended to other installations the emissions of which are capable of being monitored, reported and verified with the same level of accuracy as that which applies under the monitoring, reporting and verification requirements currently applicable. Where equivalent measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in particular taxation, are in place for small installations the emissions of which do not exceed a threshold of 25 000 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent per year, there should be a procedure enabling Member States to exclude such small installations from the emissions trading system for as long as those measures are applied. Hospitals may also be excluded if they undertake equivalent measures. This threshold offers the maximum gain, in relative terms, of reduction of administrative costs for each tonne of CO 2 equivalent excluded from the system, for reasons of administrative simplicity. As a consequence of the move from five-year allocation periods, and in order to increase certainty and predictability, provisions should be laid down regarding the frequency of revision of greenhouse gas emission permits. It is for Member States to propose measures applying to small installations which will achieve a contribution to emission reductions equivalent to those achieved by the Community scheme. Such measures could include taxation, agreements with industry and regulation. Taking into account the need to reduce unnecessary administrative burdens for smaller emitters, Member States may set up simplified procedures and measures to comply with this Directive. Information on the application of this Directive should be easily accessible, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The Community-wide quantity of allowances should decrease in a linear manner calculated from the mid-point of the period from 2008 to 2012, ensuring that the emissions trading system delivers gradual and predictable reductions of emissions over time. The annual decrease of allowances should be equal to 1,74 of the allowances issued by Member States pursuant to Commission Decisions on Member Statesrsquo national allocation plans for the period from 2008 to 2012, so that the Community scheme contributes cost-effectively to achieving the commitment of the Community to an overall reduction in emissions of at least 20 by 2020. This contribution is equivalent to a reduction of emissions in 2020 in the Community scheme of 21 below reported 2005 levels, including the effect of the increased scope from the period from 2005 to 2007 to the period from 2008 to 2012 and the 2005 emission figures for the trading sector used for the assessment of the Bulgarian and Romanian national allocation plans for the period from 2008 to 2012, leading to an issue of a maximum of 1 720 million allowances in 2020. Exact quantities of emissions will be calculated once Member States have issued allowances pursuant to Commission decisions on their national allocation plans for the period from 2008 to 2012, as the approval of allocations to some installations was contingent upon their emissions having been substantiated and verified. Once the issue of allowances for the period from 2008 to 2012 has taken place, the Commission will publish the Community-wide quantity of allowances. Adjustments should be made to the Community-wide quantity in relation to installations which are included in, or excluded from, the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012 or from 2013 onwards. The additional effort to be made by the Community economy requires, inter alia, that the revised Community scheme operate with the highest possible degree of economic efficiency and on the basis of fully harmonised conditions of allocation within the Community. Auctioning should therefore be the basic principle for allocation, as it is the simplest, and generally considered to be the most economically efficient, system. This should also eliminate windfall profits and put new entrants and economies growing faster than average on the same competitive footing as existing installations. In order to maintain the environmental and administrative efficiency of the Community scheme, avoid distortions of competition and the early depletion of the new entrants reserve, the rules on new entrants should be harmonised so as to ensure that all Member States adopt the same approach, in particular in relation to the meaning of lsquosignificant extensionsrsquo of installations. Provisions for the adoption of harmonised rules for the implementation of this Directive should therefore be included. In these rules, lsquosignificant extensionrsquo should, wherever appropriate, be defined as an extension by at least 10 of the installationrsquos existing installed capacity or a substantial increase in the emissions of the installation linked to the increase in the installed capacity. Allocation from the new entrants reserve should only take place in respect of the significant extension of the installation. All Member States will need to make substantial investments to reduce the carbon intensity of their economies by 2020 and those Member States where income per capita is still significantly below the Community average and the economies of which are in the process of catching up with the richer Member States will need to make a significant effort to improve energy efficiency. The objectives of eliminating distortions to intra-Community competition and of ensuring the highest degree of economic efficiency in the transformation of the Community economy towards a safe and sustainable low-carbon economy make it inappropriate to treat economic sectors differently under the Community scheme in individual Member States. It is therefore necessary to develop other mechanisms to support the efforts of those Member States with relatively lower income per capita and higher growth prospects. 88 of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned should be distributed amongst Member States according to their relative share of emissions in the Community scheme for 2005 or the average of the period from 2005 to 2007, whichever one is the highest. 10 of the total quantity should be distributed to the benefit of certain Member States for the purpose of solidarity and growth in the Community, to be used to reduce emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. The distribution of this 10 should take into account levels of income per capita in 2005 and the growth prospects of Member States, and be higher for Member States with low income levels per head and high growth prospects. Member States with an average level of income per capita that is more than 20 higher than the average in the Community should contribute to this distribution, except where the direct costs of the overall package estimated in the Commissionrsquos impact assessment accompanying the package of implementation measures for the EUrsquos objectives on climate change and renewable energy for 2020 exceed 0,7 of GDP. A further 2 of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned should be distributed amongst Member States, the greenhouse gas emissions of which were, in 2005, at least 20 below their emissions in the base year applicable to them under the Kyoto Protocol. Given the considerable efforts necessary to combat climate change and to adapt to its inevitable effects, it is appropriate that at least 50 of the proceeds from the auctioning of allowances should be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to adapt to the impacts of climate change, to fund research and development for reducing emissions and adaptation, to develop renewable energies to meet the Unionrsquos commitment to using 20 renewable energies by 2020, to meet the commitment of the Community to increase energy efficiency by 20 by 2020, to provide for the environmentally safe capture and geological storage of greenhouse gases, to contribute to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund and to the Adaptation Fund as made operational by the Poznan Conference on Climate Change (COP 14 and COP/MOP 4), to provide for measures to avoid deforestation and facilitate adaptation in developing countries, and to address social aspects such as possible increases in electricity prices in lower and middle income households. This proportion is significantly below the expected net revenues for public authorities from auctioning, taking into account potentially reduced income from corporate taxes. In addition, proceeds from the auctioning of allowances should be used to cover administrative expenses of the management of the Community scheme. This Directive should also include provisions on monitoring the use of funds from auctioning for these purposes. Providing information on the use of funds does not release Member States from the obligation laid down in Article 88(3) of the Treaty to notify certain national measures. This Directive does not prejudice the outcome of any future State aid procedures that may be undertaken in accordance with Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty. Consequently, full auctioning should be the rule from 2013 onwards for the power sector, taking into account its ability to pass on the increased cost of CO 2. and no free allocation should be given for the capture and storage of CO 2 as the incentive for this arises from allowances not being required to be surrendered in respect of emissions which are stored. In order to avoid distortions of competition, electricity generators may receive free allowances for district heating and cooling and for heating and cooling produced through high-efficiency cogeneration as defined by Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market ( 7 ) where such heat produced by installations in other sectors would be given free allocations. The main long-term incentive for the capture and storage of CO 2 and new renewable energy technologies is that allowances will not need to be surrendered for CO 2 emissions which are permanently stored or avoided. In addition, to accelerate the demonstration of the first commercial facilities and of innovative renewable energy technologies, allowances should be set aside from the new entrants reserve to provide a guaranteed reward for the first such facilities in the Union for tonnes of CO 2 stored or avoided on a sufficient scale, provided an agreement on knowledge-sharing is in place. The additional financing should apply to projects of sufficient scale, which are innovative in nature and which are significantly co-financed by the operator covering, in principle, more than half of the relevant investment cost, and taking into account the viability of the project. For other sectors covered by the Community scheme, a transitional system should be put in place for which free allocation in 2013 would be 80 of the amount that corresponded to the percentage of the overall Community-wide emissions throughout the period from 2005 to 2007 that those installations emitted as a proportion of the annual Community-wide total quantity of allowances. Thereafter, the free allocation should decrease each year by equal amounts resulting in 30 free allocation in 2020, with a view to reaching no free allocation in 2027. In order to ensure an orderly functioning of the carbon and electricity markets, the auctioning of allowances for the period from 2013 onwards should start by 2011 and be based on clear and objective principles defined well in advance. Transitional free allocation to installations should be provided for through harmonised Community-wide rules (ex-ante benchmarks) in order to minimise distortions of competition with the Community. Those rules should take account of the most greenhouse gas and energy-efficient techniques, substitutes, alternative production processes, use of biomass, renewables and CO 2 capture and storage. Any such rules should not give incentives to increase emissions and should ensure that an increasing proportion of these allowances is auctioned. Allocations must be fixed prior to the trading period so as to enable the market to function properly. Those harmonised rules may also take into account emissions related to the use of combustible waste gases when the production of these waste gases cannot be avoided in the industrial process. In this respect, the rules may provide for allowances to be allocated for free to operators of installations combusting the waste gases concerned or to operators of the installations where these gases originate. They should also avoid undue distortions of competition on the markets for electricity and heating and cooling supplied to industrial installations. Furthermore, they should avoid undue distortions of competition between industrial activities carried out in installations operated by a single operator and production in out sourced installations. Those rules should apply to new entrants carrying out the same activities as existing installations receiving transitional free allocations. To avoid any distortion of competition within the internal market, no free allocation should be made in respect of the production of electricity by new entrants. Allowances which remain in the new entrantsrsquo reserve in 2020 should be auctioned. The Community will continue to take the lead in the negotiation of an ambitious international agreement on climate change that will achieve the objective of limiting global temperature increase to 2 degC and is encouraged by the progress made at the 13th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, and 3rd Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, held in Bali, Indonesia from 3-14 December 2007 towards this objective. In the event that other developed countries and other major emitters of greenhouse gases do not participate in this international agreement, this could lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in third countries where industry would not be subject to comparable carbon constraints (carbon leakage), and at the same time could put certain energy-intensive sectors and subsectors in the Community which are subject to international competition at an economic disadvantage. This could undermine the environmental integrity and benefit of actions by the Community. To address the risk of carbon leakage, the Community should allocate 100 of allowances free of charge to sectors or subsectors meeting the relevant criteria. The definition of these sectors and subsectors and the measures required should be subject to reassessment to ensure that action is taken where necessary and to avoid overcompensation. For those specific sectors or subsectors where it can be duly substantiated that the risk of carbon leakage cannot be prevented otherwise, where electricity constitutes a high proportion of production costs and is produced efficiently, the action taken may take into account the electricity consumption in the production process, without changing the total quantity of allowances. The carbon leakage risk in these sectors or subsectors should be assessed, as a starting point, at a 3-digit level (NACE-3 code) or, where appropriate and where the relevant data are available, at a 4-digit level (NACE-4 code). The Commission should therefore review the situation by 30 June 2010, consult with all relevant social partners, and, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations, submit a report accompanied by any appropriate proposals. In this context, the Commission should identify which energy-intensive industry sectors or subsectors are likely to be subject to carbon leakage by 31 December 2009. It should base its analysis on the assessment of the inability of industries to pass on the cost of required allowances in product prices without significant loss of market share to installations outside the Community which do not take comparable action to reduce their emissions. Energy-intensive industries which are determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage could receive a higher amount of free allocation or an effective carbon equalisation system could be introduced with a view to putting installations from the Community which are at significant risk of carbon leakage and those from third countries on a comparable footing. Such a system could apply requirements to importers that would be no less favourable than those applicable to installations within the Community, for example by requiring the surrender of allowances. Any action taken would need to be in conformity with the principles of the UNFCCC, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, taking into account the particular situation of least developed countries (LDCs). It would also need to be in conformity with the international obligations of the Community, including the obligations under the WTO agreement. Discussions in the European Council concerning the determination of the sectors or subsectors exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage are of an exceptional character and in no way affect the procedures for the exercise of the implementing powers conferred on the Commission under Article 202 of the Treaty. Member States may deem it necessary to temporarily compensate certain installations which have been determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage for costs related to greenhouse gas emissions passed on in electricity prices. Such support should only be granted where it is necessary and proportionate and should ensure that the Community scheme incentives to save energy and to stimulate a shift in demand from lsquogreyrsquo to lsquogreenrsquo electricity are maintained. In order to ensure equal conditions of competition within the Community, the use of credits for emission reductions outside the Community to be used by operators within the Community scheme should be harmonised. The Kyoto Protocol sets out quantified emission targets for developed countries for the period from 2008 to 2012, and provides for the creation of certified emission reductions (CERs) from clean development mechanism (CDM) projects and emission reduction units (ERUs) from joint implementation (JI) projects and their use by developed countries to meet part of these targets. While the Kyoto framework does not enable ERUs to be created from 2013 onwards without new quantified emission targets being in place for host countries, CDM credits can potentially continue to be generated. Once there is an international agreement on climate change, additional use of CERs and ERUs should be provided for, from countries which have ratified that agreement. In the absence of such an agreement, providing for further use of CERs and ERUs would undermine this incentive and make it more difficult to achieve the objectives of the Community regarding the increase of renewable energy use. The use of CERs and ERUs should be consistent with the goal set by the Community of generating 20 of energy from renewable sources by 2020, and promoting energy efficiency, innovation and technological development. Where it is consistent with achieving these goals, the possibility should be foreseen to conclude agreements with third countries to provide incentives for reductions in emissions in these countries which bring about real, additional reductions in greenhouse gas emissions while stimulating innovation by companies established within the Community and technological development in third countries. Such agreements may be ratified by more than one country. Upon the approval by the Community of a satisfactory international agreement on climate change, access to credits from projects in third countries should be increased simultaneously with the increase in the level of emission reductions to be achieved through the Community scheme. In order to provide predictability, operators should be provided with certainty about the possibility to use after 2012 CERs and ERUs up to the remainder of the level which they were allowed to use in the period from 2008 to 2012, from project types which were eligible for use in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012. As Member States cannot carry over CERs and ERUs held by operators between commitment periods under international agreements (lsquobankingrsquo of CERs and ERUs) before 2015, and only if Member States choose to allow the banking of those CERs and ERUs within the context of limited rights to bank such credits, this certainty should be provided by requiring Member States to allow operators to exchange such CERs and ERUs issued in respect of emission reductions before 2012 for allowances valid from 2013 onwards. However, as Member States should not be obliged to accept CERs and ERUs which it is not certain they will be able to use towards their existing international commitments, this requirement should not extend beyond 31 March 2015. Operators should be provided with the same certainty concerning such CERs issued from projects that have been established before 2013 in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards. It is important that credits from projects used by operators represent real, verifiable, additional and permanent emission reductions and have clear sustainable development benefits and no significant negative environmental or social impacts. A procedure should be established which allows for the exclusion of certain project types. In the event of the conclusion of an international agreement on climate change being delayed, the possibility should be provided for to use credits from high-quality projects in the Community scheme through agreements with third countries. Such agreements, which may be bilateral or multilateral, could enable projects that generated ERUs until 2012 but are no longer able to do so under the Kyoto framework to continue to be recognised in the Community scheme. LDCs are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and are responsible only for a very low level of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, particular priority should be given to addressing the needs of LDCs when revenues generated from auctioning are used to facilitate developing countriesrsquo adaptation to the impacts of climate change. Given that very few CDM projects have been established in those countries, it is appropriate to provide certainty on the acceptance of credits from projects started in LDCs after 2012, even in the absence of an international agreement on climate change, when these projects are clearly additional and contribute to sustainable development. This entitlement should apply to LDCs until 2020 provided that they have by then either ratified an international agreement on climate change or a bilateral or multilateral agreement with the Community. Once an international agreement on climate change has been reached, additional credits of up to half of the additional reduction taking place in the Community scheme may be used, and high quality CDM credits from third countries should only be accepted in the Community scheme from 2013, once those countries have ratified the international agreement. The Community and its Member States should only authorise project activities where all project participants have headquarters either in a country that has concluded the international agreement relating to such projects, so as to discourage lsquofree-ridingrsquo by companies in States which have not concluded an international agreement, except where those companies are based in third countries, or in sub-federal or regional entities which are linked to the Community scheme. The fact that certain provisions of this Directive refer to the approval of an international agreement on climate change by the Community is without prejudice to the conclusion of that agreement also by the Member States. The Union should work to establish an internationally recognised system for reducing deforestation and increasing afforestation and reforestation, supporting the objective, within the UNFCCC, of developing financing mechanisms, taking into account existing arrangements, as part of an effective, efficient, equitable and coherent financial architecture within the international agreement on climate change to be reached in the Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change (COP 15 and COP/MOP 5). In order to clarify the coverage of all kinds of boilers, burners, turbines, heaters, furnaces, incinerators, calciners, kilns, ovens, dryers, engines, fuel cells, chemical looping combustion units, flares, and thermal or catalytic post-combustion units by Directive 2003/87/EC, a definition of lsquocombustionrsquo should be added. In order to ensure that allowances can be transferred between persons within the Community without any restriction, and to ensure that the Community scheme can be linked to emissions trading systems in third countries and sub-federal and regional entities, from January 2012 onwards, all allowances should be held in the Community registry established under Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol ( 8 ). This should be without prejudice to the maintenance of national registries for emissions not covered by the Community scheme. The Community registry should provide the same quality of services as national registries. Since the objectives of this Directive cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale and effects of this Directive be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. In accordance with point 34 of the Interinstitutional Agreement on better lawmaking ( 13 ). Member States are encouraged to draw up, for themselves and in the interests of the Community, their own tables illustrating, as far as possible, the correlation between this Directive and the transposition measures, and to make them public, HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Amendments to Directive 2003/87/EC Directive 2003/87/EC is hereby amended as follows: Article 7 shall be replaced by the following: Changes relating to installations The operator shall inform the competent authority of any planned changes to the nature or functioning of the installation, or any extension or significant reduction of its capacity, which may require updating the greenhouse gas emissions permit. Where appropriate, the competent authority shall update the permit. Where there is a change in the identity of the installations operator, the competent authority shall update the permit to include the name and address of the new operator. rsquo Article 9 shall be replaced by the following: Community-wide quantity of allowances The Community-wide quantity of allowances issued each year starting in 2013 shall decrease in a linear manner beginning from the mid-point of the period from 2008 to 2012. The quantity shall decrease by a linear factor of 1,74 compared to the average annual total quantity of allowances issued by Member States in accordance with the Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period from 2008 to 2012. The Commission shall, by 30 June 2010, publish the absolute Community-wide quantity of allowances for 2013, based on the total quantities of allowances issued or to be issued by the Member States in accordance with the Commission Decisions on their national allocation plans for the period from 2008 to 2012. The Commission shall review the linear factor and submit a proposal, where appropriate, to the European Parliament and to the Council as from 2020, with a view to the adoption of a decision by 2025.rsquo The following Article shall be inserted: Adjustment of the Community-wide quantity of allowances 1. In respect of installations that were included in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012 pursuant to Article 24(1), the quantity of allowances to be issued from 1 January 2013 shall be adjusted to reflect the average annual quantity of allowances issued in respect of those installations during the period of their inclusion, adjusted by the linear factor referred to in Article 9. 2. In respect of installations carrying out activities listed in Annex I, which are only included in the Community scheme from 2013 onwards, Member States shall ensure that the operators of such installations submit to the relevant competent authority duly substantiated and independently verified emissions data in order for them to be taken into account for the adjustment of the Community-wide quantity of allowances to be issued. Any such data shall be submitted, by 30 April 2010, to the relevant competent authority in accordance with the provisions adopted pursuant to Article 14(1). If the data submitted are duly substantiated, the competent authority shall notify the Commission thereof by 30 June 2010 and the quantity of allowances to be issued, adjusted by the linear factor referred to in Article 9, shall be adjusted accordingly. In the case of installations emitting greenhouse gases other than CO 2. the competent authority may notify a lower amount of emissions according to the emission reduction potential of those installations. 3. The Commission shall publish the adjusted quantities referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 by 30 September 2010. 4. In respect of installations which are excluded from the Community scheme in accordance with Article 27, the Community-wide quantity of allowances to be issued from 1 January 2013 shall be adjusted downwards to reflect the average annual verified emissions of those installations in the period from 2008 to 2010, adjusted by the linear factor referred to in Article 9.rsquo Article 10 shall be replaced by the following: Auctioning of allowances 1. From 2013 onwards, Member States shall auction all allowances which are not allocated free of charge in accordance with Article 10a and 10c. By 31 December 2010, the Commission shall determine and publish the estimated amount of allowances to be auctioned. 2. The total quantity of allowances to be auctioned by each Member State shall be composed as follows: 88 of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst Member States in shares that are identical to the share of verified emissions under the Community scheme for 2005 or the average of the period from 2005 to 2007, whichever one is the highest, of the Member State concerned 10 of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst certain Member States for the purpose of solidarity and growth within the Community, thereby increasing the amount of allowances that those Member States auction under point (a) by the percentages specified in Annex IIa and 2 of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst Member States the greenhouse gas emissions of which were, in 2005, at least 20 below their emissions in the base year applicable to them under the Kyoto Protocol. The distribution of this percentage amongst the Member States concerned is set out in Annex IIb. For the purposes of point (a), in respect of Member States which did not participate in the Community scheme in 2005, their share shall be calculated using their verified emissions under the Community scheme in 2007. If necessary, the percentages referred to in points (b) and (c) shall be adapted in a proportional manner to ensure that the distribution is 10 and 2 respectively. 3. Member States shall determine the use of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances. At least 50 of the revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances referred to in paragraph 2, including all revenues from the auctioning referred to in paragraph 2, points (b) and (c), or the equivalent in financial value of these revenues, should be used for one or more of the following: to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including by contributing to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund and to the Adaptation Fund as made operational by the Poznan Conference on Climate Change (COP 14 and COP/MOP 4), to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to fund research and development as well as demonstration projects for reducing emissions and for adaptation to climate change, including participation in initiatives within the framework of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan and the European Technology Platforms to develop renewable energies to meet the commitment of the Community to using 20 renewable energies by 2020, as well as to develop other technologies contributing to the transition to a safe and sustainable low-carbon economy and to help meet the commitment of the Community to increase energy efficiency by 20 by 2020 measures to avoid deforestation and increase afforestation and reforestation in developing countries that have ratified the international agreement on climate change, to transfer technologies and to facilitate adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change in these countries to cover administrative expenses of the management of the Community scheme. Member States shall be deemed to have fulfilled the provisions of this paragraph if they have in place and implement fiscal or financial support policies, including in particular in developing countries, or domestic regulatory policies, which leverage financial support, established for the purposes set out in the first subparagraph and which have a value equivalent to at least 50 of the revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances referred to in paragraph 2, including all revenues from the auctioning referred to in paragraph 2, points (b) and (c). Member States shall inform the Commission as to the use of revenues and the actions taken pursuant to this paragraph in their reports submitted under Decision No 280/2004/EC. 4. By 30 June 2010, the Commission shall adopt a regulation on timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning to ensure that it is conducted in an open, transparent, harmonised and non-discriminatory manner. To this end, the process should be predictable, in particular as regards the timing and sequencing of auctions and the estimated volumes of allowances to be made available. Auctions shall be designed to ensure that: operators, and in particular any SMEs covered by the Community scheme, have full, fair and equitable access all participants have access to the same information at the same time and that participants do not undermine the operation of the auction the total average annual verified emissions from installations in the period from 2005 to 2007 which are only included in the Community scheme from 2013 onwards and are not covered by paragraph 3, adjusted by the linear factor, as referred to in Article 9. A uniform cross-sectoral correction factor shall be applied if necessary. 6. Member States may also adopt financial measures in favour of sectors or subsectors determined to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage due to costs relating to greenhouse gas emissions passed on in electricity prices, in order to compensate for those costs and where such financial measures are in accordance with state aid rules applicable and to be adopted in this area. Those measures shall be based on ex-ante benchmarks of the indirect emissions of CO 2 per unit of production. The ex-ante benchmarks shall be calculated for a given sector or subsector as the product of the electricity consumption per unit of production corresponding to the most efficient available technologies and of the CO 2 emissions of the relevant European electricity production mix. 7. Five percent of the Community-wide quantity of allowances determined in accordance with Articles 9 and 9a over the period from 2013 to 2020 shall be set aside for new entrants, as the maximum that may be allocated to new entrants in accordance with the rules adopted pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article. Allowances in this Community-wide reserve that are neither allocated to new entrants nor used pursuant to paragraph 8, 9 or 10 of this Article over the period from 2013 to 2020 shall be auctioned by the Member States, taking into account the level to which installations in Member States have benefited from this reserve, in accordance with Article 10(2) and, for detailed arrangements and timing, Article 10(4), and the relevant implementing provisions. Allocations shall be adjusted by the linear factor referred to in Article 9. No free allocation shall be made in respect of any electricity production by new entrants. By 31 December 2010, the Commission shall adopt harmonised rules for the application of the definition of ldquonew entrantrdquo, in particular in relation to the definition of ldquosignificant extensionsrdquo. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3). 8. Up to 300 million allowances in the new entrants reserve shall be available until 31 December 2015 to help stimulate the construction and operation of up to 12 commercial demonstration projects that aim at the environmentally safe capture and geological storage (CCS) of CO 2 as well as demonstration projects of innovative renewable energy technologies, in the territory of the Union. The allowances shall be made available for support for demonstration projects that provide for the development, in geographically balanced locations, of a wide range of CCS and innovative renewable energy technologies that are not yet commercially viable. Their award shall be dependent upon the verified avoidance of CO 2 emissions. Projects shall be selected on the basis of objective and transparent criteria that include requirements for knowledge-sharing. Those criteria and the measures shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3), and shall be made available to the public. Allowances shall be set aside for the projects that meet the criteria referred to in the third subparagraph. Support for these projects shall be given via Member States and shall be complementary to substantial co-financing by the operator of the installation. They could also be co-financed by the Member State concerned, as well as by other instruments. No project shall receive support via the mechanism under this paragraph that exceeds 15 of the total number of allowances available for this purpose. These allowances shall be taken into account under paragraph 7. 9. Lithuania, which, pursuant to Article 1 of Protocol No 4 on the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania, annexed to the 2003 Act of Accession, has committed to the closure of unit 2 of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant by 31 December 2009, may, if the total verified emissions of Lithuania in the period from 2013 to 2015 within the Community scheme exceed the sum of the free allowances issued to installations in Lithuania for electricity production emissions in that period and three-eighths of the allowances to be auctioned by Lithuania for the period from 2013 to 2020, claim allowances from the new entrants reserve for auctioning in accordance with the regulation referred to in Article 10(4). The maximum amount of such allowances shall be equivalent to the excess emissions in that period to the extent that this excess is due to increased emissions from electricity generation, minus any quantity by which allocations in that Member State in the period from 2008 to 2012 exceeded verified emissions within the Community scheme in Lithuania during that period. Any such allowances shall be taken into account under paragraph 7. 10. Any Member State with an electricity network which is interconnected with Lithuania and which, in 2007, imported more than 15 of its domestic electricity consumption from Lithuania for its own consumption, and where emissions have increased due to investment in new electricity generation, may apply paragraph 9 mutatis mutandis under the conditions set out in that paragraph. 11. Subject to Article 10b, the amount of allowances allocated free of charge under paragraphs 4 to 7 of this Article in 2013 shall be 80 of the quantity determined in accordance with the measures referred to in paragraph 1. Thereafter the free allocation shall decrease each year by equal amounts resulting in 30 free allocation in 2020, with a view to reaching no free allocation in 2027. 12. Subject to Article 10b, in 2013 and in each subsequent year up to 2020, installations in sectors or subsectors which are exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage shall be allocated, pursuant to paragraph 1, allowances free of charge at 100 of the quantity determined in accordance with the measures referred to in paragraph 1. 13. By 31 December 2009 and every five years thereafter, after discussion in the European Council, the Commission shall determine a list of the sectors or subsectors referred to in paragraph 12 on the basis of the criteria referred to in paragraphs 14 to 17. Every year the Commission may, at its own initiative or at the request of a Member State, add a sector or subsector to the list referred to in the first subparagraph if it can be demonstrated, in an analytical report, that this sector or subsector satisfies the criteria in paragraphs 14 to 17, following a change that has a substantial impact on the sectorrsquos or subsectorrsquos activities. For the purpose of implementing this Article, the Commission shall consult the Member States, the sectors or subsectors concerned and other relevant stakeholders. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3). 14. In order to determine the sectors or subsectors referred to in paragraph 12, the Commission shall assess, at Community level, the extent to which it is possible for the sector or subsector concerned, at the relevant level of disaggregation, to pass on the direct cost of the required allowances and the indirect costs from higher electricity prices resulting from the implementation of this Directive into product prices without significant loss of market share to less carbon efficient installations outside the Community. These assessments shall be based on an average carbon price according to the Commissionrsquos impact assessment accompanying the package of implementation measures for the EUrsquos objectives on climate change and renewable energy for 2020 and, if available, trade, production and value added data from the three most recent years for each sector or subsector. 15. A sector or subsector shall be deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage if: the extent to which the carbon efficiency of installations located in these countries is comparable to that of the Community. 19. No free allocation shall be given to an installation that has ceased its operations, unless the operator demonstrates to the competent authority that this installation will resume production within a specified and reasonable time. Installations for which the greenhouse gas emissions permit has expired or has been withdrawn and installations for which the operation or resumption of operation is technically impossible shall be considered to have ceased operations. 20. The Commission shall, as part of the measures adopted under paragraph 1, include measures for defining installations that partially cease to operate or significantly reduce their capacity, and measures for adapting, as appropriate, the level of free allocations given to them accordingly. Measures to support certain energy-intensive industries in the event of carbon leakage 1. By 30 June 2010, the Commission shall, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations and the extent to which these lead to global greenhouse gas emission reductions, and after consulting with all relevant social partners, submit to the European Parliament and to the Council an analytical report assessing the situation with regard to energy-intensive sectors or subsectors that have been determined to be exposed to significant risks of carbon leakage. This shall be accompanied by any appropriate proposals, which may include: adjustment of the proportion of allowances received free of charge by those sectors or subsectors under Article 10a assessment of the impact of carbon leakage on Member Statesrsquo energy security, in particular where the electricity connections with the rest of the Union are insufficient and where there are electricity connections with third countries, and appropriate measures in this regard. Any binding sectoral agreements which lead to global greenhouse gas emissions reductions of the magnitude required to effectively address climate change, and which are monitorable, verifiable and subject to mandatory enforcement arrangements shall also be taken into account when considering what measures are appropriate. 2. The Commission shall assess, by 31 March 2011, whether the decisions made regarding the proportion of allowances received free of charge by sectors or subsectors in accordance with paragraph 1, including the effect of setting ex-ante benchmarks in accordance with Article 10a(2), are likely to significantly affect the quantity of allowances to be auctioned by Member States in accordance with Article 10(2)(b), compared to a scenario with full auctioning for all sectors in 2020. It shall, if appropriate, submit adequate proposals to the European Parliament and to the Council, taking into account the possible distributional effects of such proposals. Option for transitional free allocation for the modernisation of electricity generation 1. By derogation from Article 10a(1) to (5), Member States may give a transitional free allocation to installations for electricity production in operation by 31 December 2008 or to installations for electricity production for which the investment process was physically initiated by the same date, provided that one of the following conditions is met: in 2007, the national electricity network was not directly or indirectly connected to the network interconnected system operated by the Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) in 2006, more than 30 of electricity was produced from a single fossil fuel, and the GDP per capita at market price did not exceed 50 of the average GDP per capita at market price of the Community. The Member State concerned shall submit to the Commission a national plan that provides for investments in retrofitting and upgrading of the infrastructure and clean technologies. The national plan shall also provide for the diversification of their energy mix and sources of supply for an amount equivalent, to the extent possible, to the market value of the free allocation with respect to the intended investments, while taking into account the need to limit as far as possible directly linked price increases. The Member State concerned shall submit to the Commission, every year, a report on investments made in upgrading infrastructure and clean technologies. Investment undertaken from 25 June 2009 may be counted for this purpose. 2. Transitional free allocations shall be deducted from the quantity of allowances that the respective Member State would otherwise auction pursuant to Article 10(2). In 2013, the total transitional free allocation shall not exceed 70 of the annual average verified emissions in 2005-2007 from such electricity generators for the amount corresponding to the gross final national consumption of the Member State concerned and shall gradually decrease, resulting in no free allocation in 2020. For those Member States which did not participate in the Community scheme in 2005, the relevant emissions shall be calculated using their verified Community scheme emissions under the Community scheme in 2007. The Member State concerned may determine that the allowances allocated pursuant to this Article may only be used by the operator of the installation concerned for surrendering allowances pursuant to Article 12(3) with respect to emissions of the same installation during the year for which the allowances are allocated. 3. Allocations to operators shall be based on the allocation under the verified emissions in 2005-2007 or an ex-ante efficiency benchmark based on the weighted average of emission levels of most greenhouse gas efficient electricity production covered by the Community scheme for installations using different fuels. The weighting may reflect the shares of the different fuels in electricity production in the Member State concerned. The Commission shall, in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 23(2), provide guidance to ensure that the allocation methodology avoids undue distortions of competition and minimises negative impacts on the incentives to reduce emissions. 4. Any Member State applying this Article shall require benefiting electricity generators and network operators to report every 12 months on the implementation of their investments referred to in the national plan. Member States shall report on this to the Commission and shall make such reports public. 5. Any Member State that intends to allocate allowances on the basis of this Article shall, by 30 September 2011, submit to the Commission an application containing the proposed allocation methodology and individual allocations. An application shall contain: Articles 11 and 11a shall be replaced by the following: National implementation measures 1. Each Member State shall publish and submit to the Commission, by 30 September 2011, the list of installations covered by this Directive in its territory and any free allocation to each installation in its territory calculated in accordance with the rules referred to in Article 10a(1) and Article 10c. 2. By 28 February of each year, the competent authorities shall issue the quantity of allowances that are to be allocated for that year, calculated in accordance with Articles 10, 10a and 10c. 3. Member States may not issue allowances free of charge under paragraph 2 to installations whose inscription in the list referred to in paragraph 1 has been rejected by the Commission. Use of CERs and ERUs from project activities in the Community scheme before the entry into force of an international agreement on climate change 1. Without prejudice to the application of Article 28(3) and (4), paragraphs 2 to 7 of this Article shall apply. 2. To the extent that the levels of CER and ERU use, allowed to operators or aircraft operators by Member States for the period from 2008 to 2012, have not been used up or an entitlement to use credits is granted under paragraph 8, operators may request the competent authority to issue allowances to them valid from 2013 onwards in exchange for CERs and ERUs issued in respect of emission reductions up until 2012 from project types which were eligible for use in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012. Until 31 March 2015, the competent authority shall make such an exchange on request. 3. To the extent that the levels of CER and ERU use, allowed to operators or aircraft operators by Member States for the period from 2008 to 2012, have not been used up or an entitlement to use credits is granted under paragraph 8, competent authorities shall allow operators to exchange CERs and ERUs from projects that were registered before 2013 issued in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards for allowances valid from 2013 onwards. The first subparagraph shall apply to CERs and ERUs for all project types which were eligible for use in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012. 4. To the extent that the levels of CER and ERU use, allowed to operators or aircraft operators by Member States for the period from 2008 to 2012, have not been used up or an entitlement to use credits is granted under paragraph 8, competent authorities shall allow operators to exchange CERs issued in respect of emission reductions from 2013 onwards for allowances from new projects started from 2013 onwards in LDCs. The first subparagraph shall apply to CERs for all project types which were eligible for use in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012, until those countries have ratified a relevant agreement with the Community or until 2020, whichever is the earlier. 5. To the extent that the levels of CER and ERU use, allowed to operators or aircraft operators by Member States for the period from 2008 to 2012, have not been used up or an entitlement to use credits is granted under paragraph 8 and in the event that the negotiations on an international agreement on climate change are not concluded by 31 December 2009, credits from projects or other emission reducing activities may be used in the Community scheme in accordance with agreements concluded with third countries, specifying levels of use. In accordance with such agreements, operators shall be able to use credits from project activities in those third countries to comply with their obligations under the Community scheme. 6. Any agreements referred to in paragraph 5 shall provide for the use of credits in the Community scheme from project types which were eligible for use in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012, including renewable energy or energy efficiency technologies which promote technological transfer and sustainable development. Any such agreement may also provide for the use of credits from projects where the baseline used is below the level of free allocation under the measures referred to in Article 10a or below the levels required by Community legislation. 7. Once an international agreement on climate change has been reached, only credits from projects from third countries which have ratified that agreement shall be accepted in the Community scheme from 1 January 2013. 8. All existing operators shall be allowed to use credits during the period from 2008 to 2020 up to either the amount allowed to them during the period from 2008 to 2012, or to an amount corresponding to a percentage, which shall not be set below 11 , of their allocation during the period from 2008 to 2012, whichever is the highest. Operators shall be able to use credits beyond the 11 provided for in the first subparagraph, up to an amount which results in their combined free allocation in the period from 2008 to 2012 and overall project credits entitlement equal to a certain percentage of their verified emissions in the period from 2005 to 2007. New entrants, including new entrants in the period from 2008 to 2012 which received neither free allocation nor an entitlement to use CERs and ERUs in the period from 2008-2012, and new sectors shall be able to use credits up to an amount corresponding to a percentage, which shall not be set below 4,5 , of their verified emissions during the period from 2013 to 2020. Aircraft operators shall be able to use credits up to an amount corresponding to a percentage, which shall not be set below 1,5 , of their verified emissions during the period from 2013 to 2020. Measures shall be adopted to specify the exact percentages which shall apply under the first, second and third subparagraphs. At least one-third of the additional amount which is to be distributed to existing operators beyond the first percentage referred to in the first subparagraph shall be distributed to the operators which had the lowest level of combined average free allocation and project credit use in the period from 2008 to 2012. Those measures shall ensure that the overall use of credits allowed does not exceed 50 of the Community-wide reductions below the 2005 levels of the existing sectors under the Community scheme over the period from 2008 to 2020 and 50 of the Community-wide reductions below the 2005 levels of new sectors and aviation over the period from the date of their inclusion in the Community scheme to 2020. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3). 9. From 1 January 2013, measures may be applied to restrict the use of specific credits from project types. Those measures shall also set the date from which the use of credits under paragraphs 1 to 4 shall be in accordance with these measures. That date shall be, at the earliest, six months from the adoption of the measures or, at the latest, three years from their adoption. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3). The Commission shall consider submitting to the Committee a draft of the measures to be taken where a Member State so requests. rsquo Article 13 shall be replaced by the following: Validity of allowances 1. Allowances issued from 1 January 2013 onwards shall be valid for emissions during periods of eight years beginning on 1 January 2013. 2. Four months after the beginning of each period referred to in paragraph 1, allowances which are no longer valid and have not been surrendered and cancelled in accordance with Article 12 shall be cancelled by the competent authority. Member States shall issue allowances to persons for the current period to replace any allowances held by them which are cancelled in accordance with the first subparagraph. rsquo Article 14 shall be replaced by the following: Monitoring and reporting of emissions 1. By 31 December 2011, the Commission shall adopt a regulation for the monitoring and reporting of emissions and, where relevant, activity data, from the activities listed in Annex I, for the monitoring and reporting of tonne-kilometre data for the purpose of an application under Articles 3e or 3f, which shall be based on the principles for monitoring and reporting set out in Annex IV and shall specify the global warming potential of each greenhouse gas in the requirements for monitoring and reporting emissions for that gas. That measure, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3). 2. The regulation referred to in paragraph 1 shall take into account the most accurate and up-to-date scientific evidence available, in particular from the IPCC, and may also specify requirements for operators to report on emissions associated with the production of goods produced by energy intensive industries which may be subject to international competition. That regulation may also specify requirements for this information to be verified independently. Those requirements may include reporting on levels of emissions from electricity generation covered by the Community scheme associated with the production of such goods. 3. Member States shall ensure that each operator of an installation or an aircraft operator monitors and reports the emissions from that installation during each calendar year, or, from 1 January 2010, the aircraft which it operates, to the competent authority after the end of that year in accordance with the regulation referred to in paragraph 1. 4. The regulation referred to in paragraph 1 may include requirements on the use of automated systems and data exchange formats to harmonise communication on the monitoring plan, the annual emission report and the verification activities between the operator, the verifier and competent authorities. rsquo Article 15 shall be amended as follows: the title shall be replaced by the following: the following paragraphs shall be added: lsquoBy 31 December 2011, the Commission shall adopt a regulation for the verification of emission reports based on the principles set out in Annex V and for the accreditation and supervision of verifiers. It shall specify conditions for the accreditation and withdrawal of accreditation, for mutual recognition and peer evaluation of accreditation bodies, as appropriate. That measure, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3).rsquo The following Article shall be inserted: Disclosure of information and professional secrecy Member States and the Commission shall ensure that all decisions and reports relating to the quantity and allocation of allowances and to the monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions are immediately disclosed in an orderly manner ensuring non-discriminatory access. Information covered by professional secrecy may not be disclosed to any other person or authority except by virtue of the applicable laws, regulations or administrative provisions. rsquo In Article 16, paragraph 4 shall be replaced by the following: lsquo4. The excess emissions penalty relating to allowances issued from 1 January 2013 onwards shall increase in accordance with the European index of consumer prices. rsquo paragraph 1 shall be replaced by the following: lsquo1. Allowances issued from 1 January 2012 onwards shall be held in the Community registry for the execution of processes pertaining to the maintenance of the holding accounts opened in the Member State and the allocation, surrender and cancellation of allowances under the Commission Regulation referred to in paragraph 3. Each Member State shall be able to fulfil the execution of authorised operations under the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol. rsquo the following paragraph shall be added: lsquo4. The Regulation referred to in paragraph 3 shall contain appropriate modalities for the Community registry to undertake transactions and other operations to implement arrangements referred to in Article 25(1b). That Regulation shall also include processes for the change and incident management for the Community registry with regard to issues in paragraph 1 of this Article. It shall contain appropriate modalities for the Community registry to ensure that initiatives of the Member States pertaining to efficiency improvement, administrative cost management and quality control measures are possible. rsquo Article 22 shall be replaced by the following: Amendments to the Annexes The Annexes to this Directive, with the exception of Annexes I, IIa and IIb, may be amended in the light of the reports provided for in Article 21 and of the experience of the application of this Directive. Annexes IV and V may be amended in order to improve the monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, inter alia, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 23(3).rsquo The following paragraph shall be added to Article 23: lsquo4. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 4 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/CE shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof. rsquo it publishes the information referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) for public comment. Hospitals may also be excluded if they undertake equivalent measures. 2. If, following a period of three months from the date of notification for public comment, the Commission does not object within a further period of six months, the exclusion shall be deemed approved. Following the surrender of allowances in respect of the period during which the installation is in the Community scheme, the installation shall be excluded and the Member State shall no longer issue free allowances to the installation pursuant to Article 10a. 3. When an installation is reintroduced into the Community scheme pursuant to paragraph 1(c), any allowances issued pursuant to Article 10a shall be granted starting with the year of the reintroduction. Allowances issued to these installations shall be deducted from the quantity to be auctioned pursuant to Article 10(2) by the Member State in which the installation is situated. Any such installation shall stay in the Community scheme for the rest of the trading period. 4. For installations which have not been included in the Community scheme during the period from 2008 to 2012, simplified requirements for monitoring, reporting and verification may be applied for determining emissions in the three years preceding the notification under paragraph 1 point (a). Adjustments applicable upon the approval by the Community of an international agreement on climate change 1. Within three months of the signature by the Community of an international agreement on climate change leading, by 2020, to mandatory reductions of greenhouse gas emissions exceeding 20 compared to 1990 levels, as reflected in the 30 reduction commitment as endorsed by the European Council of March 2007, the Commission shall submit a report assessing, in particular, the following elements: the nature of the measures agreed upon in the framework of the international negotiations as well as the commitments made by other developed countries to comparable emission reductions to those of the Community and the commitments made by economically more advanced developing countries to contributing adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities the implications of the international agreement on climate change, and consequently, options required at Community level, in order to move to the more ambitious 30 reduction target in a balanced, transparent and equitable way, taking into account work under the Kyoto Protocols first commitment period the need for additional Community policies and measures in view of the greenhouse gas reduction commitments of the Community and of Member States. 2. On the basis of the report referred to in paragraph 1, the Commission shall, as appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to the European Parliament and to the Council amending this Directive pursuant to paragraph 1, with a view to the amending Directive entering into force upon the approval by the Community of the international agreement on climate change and in view of the emission reduction commitment to be implemented under that agreement. The proposal shall be based upon the principles of transparency, economic efficiency and cost-effectiveness, as well as fairness and solidarity in the distribution of efforts between Member States. 3. The proposal shall allow, as appropriate, operators to use, in addition to the credits provided for in this Directive, CERs, ERUs or other approved credits from third countries which have ratified the international agreement on climate change. 4. The proposal shall also include, as appropriate, any other measures needed to help reach the mandatory reductions in accordance with paragraph 1 in a transparent, balanced and equitable way and, in particular, shall include implementing measures to provide for the use of additional types of project credits by operators in the Community scheme to those referred to in paragraphs 2 to 5 of Article 11a or the use by such operators of other mechanisms created under the international agreement on climate change, as appropriate. 5. The proposal shall include the appropriate transitional and suspensive measures pending the entry into force of the international agreement on climate change. Report to ensure the better functioning of the carbon market If, on the basis of the regular reports on the carbon market referred to in Article 10(5), the Commission has evidence that the carbon market is not functioning properly, it shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council. The report may be accompanied, if appropriate, by proposals aiming at increasing transparency of the carbon market and addressing measures to improve its functioning. rsquo The following Article shall be inserted: Measures in the event of excessive price fluctuations 1. If, for more than six consecutive months, the allowance price is more than three times the average price of allowances during the two preceding years on the European carbon market, the Commission shall immediately convene a meeting of the Committee established by Article 9 of Decision No 280/2004/EC. 2. If the price evolution referred to in paragraph 1 does not correspond to changing market fundamentals, one of the following measures may be adopted, taking into account the degree of price evolution: a measure which allows Member States to bring forward the auctioning of a part of the quantity to be auctioned a measure which allows Member States to auction up to 25 of the remaining allowances in the new entrants reserve. Those measures shall be adopted in accordance with the management procedure referred to in Article 23(4). 3. Any measure shall take utmost account of the reports submitted by the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council pursuant to Article 29, as well as any other relevant information provided by Member States. 4. The arrangements for the application of these provisions shall be laid down in the regulation referred to in Article 10(4).rsquo Annex I shall be replaced by the text appearing in Annex I to this Directive Annexes IIa and IIb shall be inserted as set out in Annex II to this Directive Annex III shall be deleted. 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 2012. However, they shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Article 9a(2) of Directive 2003/87/EC as inserted by Article 1(10) of this Directive and with Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC as amended by Article 1(13) of this Directive by 31 December 2009. Member States shall apply the measures referred to in the first subparagraph from 1 January 2013. When Member States adopt the measures referred to in the first and second subparagraphs, those measures shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. The Commission shall inform the other Member States thereof. The provisions of Directive 2003/87/EC, as amended by Directive 2004/101/EC, Directive 2008/101/EC and Regulation (EC) No 219/2009, shall continue to apply until 31 December 2012. Entry into force This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union . This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Strasbourg, 23 April 2009. For the European Parliament For the Council ( 3 ) Opinion of the European Parliament of 17 December 2008 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Council Decision of 6 April 2009. ( 10 ) Directive 2004/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in respect of the Kyoto Protocolrsquos project mechanisms (OJ L 338, 13.11.2004, p. 18 ). ( 11 ) Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (OJ L 8, 13.1.2009, p. 3 ). ( 12 ) Regulation (EC) No 219/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 adapting a number of instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the Treaty to Council Decision 1999/468/EC with regard to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny Adaptation to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny mdash Part Two (OJ L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 109 ). Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC shall be replaced by the following: CATEGORIES OF ACTIVITIES TO WHICH THIS DIRECTIVE APPLIES 1. Installations or parts of installations used for research, development and testing of new products and processes and installations exclusively using biomass are not covered by this Directive. 2. The thresholds values given below generally refer to production capacities or outputs. Where several activities falling under the same category are carried out in the same installation, the capacities of such activities are added together. 3. When the total rated thermal input of an installation is calculated in order to decide upon its inclusion in the Community scheme, the rated thermal inputs of all technical units which are part of it, in which fuels are combusted within the installation, are added together. These units could include all types of boilers, burners, turbines, heaters, furnaces, incinerators, calciners, kilns, ovens, dryers, engines, fuel cells, chemical looping combustion units, flares, and thermal or catalytic post-combustion units. Units with a rated thermal input under 3 MW and units which use exclusively biomass shall not be taken into account for the purposes of this calculation. ldquoUnits using exclusively biomassrdquo includes units which use fossil fuels only during start-up or shut-down of the unit. 4. If a unit serves an activity for which the threshold is not expressed as total rated thermal input, the threshold of this activity shall take precedence for the decision about the inclusion in the Community scheme. 5. When the capacity threshold of any activity in this Annex is found to be exceeded in an installation, all units in which fuels are combusted, other than units for the incineration of hazardous or municipal waste, shall be included in the greenhouse gas emission permit. 6. From 1 January 2012 all flights which arrive at or depart from an aerodrome situated in the territory of a Member State to which the Treaty applies shall be included.
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